rewrite the game with my code styling and modern c++ view

components/Point.cpp

@@ -1,58 +1,50 @@
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
 #include "Point.h"
 
-/*snake will be an array of points*/
+Point::Point(uint32_t y, uint32_t x, int img)
+    : x_ {x}, y_ {y}, img_ {img}
+{ }
 
-using namespace std;
-Point::Point(int y, int x, graphics_input img)
-: x {x}, y{y}, img{img}
-{}
-//delegating the previous constructor
-Point::Point()
-:Point(10, 10, '*')
-{}
-
-Point::~Point(){/*No need to do something */}
-
-void Point::setPoint(int y, int x){
-    this->x = x;
-    this->y = y;
+void Point::setPoint(uint32_t y, uint32_t x) {
+    x_ = x;
+    y_ = y;
 }
 
-int Point::getX(void){
-    return this->x;
+uint32_t Point::getX() const {
+    return x_;
 }
 
-int Point::getY(void){
-    return this->y;
+uint32_t Point::getY() const {
+    return y_;
 }
 
-void Point::moveUp(void){
-    y--;
+void Point::moveUp() {
+    y_--;
 }
 
-void Point::moveDown(void){
-    y++;
+void Point::moveDown() {
+    y_++;
 }
 
-void Point::moveLeft(void){
-    x--;
+void Point::moveLeft() {
+    x_--;
 }
 
-void Point::moveRight(void){
-    x++;
+void Point::moveRight() {
+    x_++;
 }
 
-graphics_input Point::getImg(){
-    return this->img;
+int Point::getImg() const {
+    return img_;
 }
-void Point::setImg(graphics_input image){
-    this->img = image;
+
+void Point::setImg(int image){
+    img_ = image;
 }
-void Point::printImg(){
-    printChar(this->y, this->x, this->img);
+
+void Point::print() const {
+    Graphics::get().printChar(y_, x_, img_);
 }
-void Point::erase(void){
-    this->img = ' ';
+
+void Point::clear(){
+    img_ = ' ';
 }

components/Point.h

@@ -4,23 +4,25 @@
 
 class Point{
 private:
-    int x;
-    int y;
-    graphics_input img;
+    uint32_t x_;
+    uint32_t y_;
+    int img_;
+
 public:
-    Point();
-    Point(int y = 10, int x = 10, graphics_input img = '*');
-    ~Point();
-    void setPoint(int y, int x);
-    int getX();
-    int getY();
+    Point(uint32_t y, uint32_t x, int img = '*');
+
+    void setPoint(uint32_t y, uint32_t x);
+    uint32_t getX() const;
+    uint32_t getY() const;
+
     void moveUp();
     void moveDown();
     void moveLeft();
     void moveRight();
-    graphics_input getImg();
-    void setImg(graphics_input image);
-    void printImg();
-    void erase();
-    void randomize();
+
+    int getImg() const;
+    void setImg(int image);
+
+    void print() const;
+    void clear();
 };

components/Snack.cpp

@@ -1,22 +1,17 @@
 #include "Snack.h"
-#include <cstdlib>
 
-using namespace std;
+#include <random>
 
+void generateSnack(Point* snack){
+    std::random_device dev;
+    static std::mt19937 prng(dev());
+    static std::uniform_int_distribution<std::mt19937::result_type> distX(0, GAME_RIGHT_WALL_X);
+    static std::uniform_int_distribution<std::mt19937::result_type> distY(0, GAME_BOTTOM_WALL_Y);
 
-const unsigned int snackScore = 10;
-
-void generateSnack(Point &snack){
-
-    int x, y;
+    const uint32_t x = distX(prng);
+    const uint32_t y = distY(prng);
     
-    x = rand() % GAME_RIGHT_WALL_X + 1;
-    y = rand() % GAME_BOTTOM_WALL_Y + 1;
-    
-    snack.setPoint(y, x);
-
-    printChar(y, x, snack.getImg());
-}
-unsigned int getSnackScore(void){
-    return snackScore;
+    snack->setImg(SNACK_CHAR);
+    snack->setPoint(y, x);
+    snack->print();
 }

components/Snack.h

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "Point.h"
 
-#define SNACK '*'
+static constexpr int SNACK_CHAR = '*';
 
-//snack methods
-void generateSnack(Point &snack);
-unsigned int getSnackScore(void);
+void generateSnack(Point* snack);

components/Snake.cpp

@@ -1,38 +1,35 @@
 #include "Snake.h"
+
 #include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
 
-Snake::Snake(int headY, int headX)
-:direction{LEFT}
+Snake::Snake(uint32_t headY, uint32_t headX)
+    :direction_{LEFT}
 {
-    snake.push_back(Point{headY, headX, '>'}); //add the head of the snake
-    for(int i=1; i<=3; i++)
-        snake.push_back(Point{headY, headX+i, BODY});
-}
+    snake_.push_back(Point{headY, headX, '>'});
 
-Snake::~Snake(){}
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i <= SNAKE_DEFAULT_SIZE - 1; i++) {
+        snake_.push_back(Point{headY, headX + i, SNAKE_BODY_CHAR});
+    }
+}
 
-bool Snake::isBitten(void){
-    Point head = *snake.begin();
+bool Snake::isBitten() const {
+    const Point& head = snake_.front();
 
-    list<Point>::iterator body_part = snake.begin();
-    body_part++;
-    while(body_part != snake.end()){
-        if(body_part->getX() == head.getX() && body_part->getY() == head.getY())
+    for (const Point& part : snake_) {
+        if (part.getX() == head.getX() && part.getY() == head.getY()) {
             return true;
-        body_part++;
+        }
     }
 
     return false;
 }
 
-bool Snake::hasBitSnack(int snackY, int snackX){
-    return snake.begin()->getY() == snackY 
-           && snake.begin()->getX() == snackX;
+bool Snake::hasBitSnack(uint32_t snackY, uint32_t snackX) const {
+    return snake_.front().getY() == snackY && snake_.front().getX() == snackX;
 }
 
-bool Snake::hasCrashedWall(void){
-    Point &head = *snake.begin();
+bool Snake::hasCrashedWall() const {
+    const Point& head = snake_.front();
 
     return (head.getY() < GAME_TOP_WALL_Y)    ||
            (head.getY() > GAME_BOTTOM_WALL_Y) ||
@@ -40,119 +37,122 @@ bool Snake::hasCrashedWall(void){
            (head.getX() > GAME_RIGHT_WALL_X);
 }
 
-int Snake::getSize(void){
-    return snake.size();
+uint32_t Snake::getSize() const {
+    return snake_.size();
 }
 
-void Snake::incSize(void){
-    auto tail = snake.end();
-    //since list::end() returns one element past the actual last one we will decrease by one the tail iterator
-    tail--; //now we actually pointing to the tail
-    int tailX = tail->getX();
-    int tailY = tail->getY();
-
-    //now we must determine the direction which is easy by just fiding the coordinates of the previous to tail element
-    auto prev = --tail;
-    int prevX = prev->getX();
-    int prevY = prev->getY();
-
-    if(prevY == tailY){ 
-        //if the 2 part are on the same 'height'
-        if (prevX < tailX)                                  //if the tail continues to the left:
-            snake.push_back(Point{tailY, tailX + 1, BODY}); //  add one part to the right of the tail
-        else if(prevX > tailX)                              //if the tail continues to the right:
-            snake.push_back(Point{tailY, tailX - 1, BODY}); //  add one part to the left of the tail
-    }else{
-        if (prevY < tailY)                                  //if the tail continues to the upper side:
-            snake.push_back(Point{tailY + 1, tailX, BODY}); //  add one part facing down
-        else if (prevY > tailY)                             //if the tail continues to the lower side:
-            snake.push_back(Point{tailY - 1, tailX, BODY}); //  add one part facing up
+void Snake::incSize(){
+    const auto tail = std::prev(snake_.end());
+    const uint32_t tailX = tail->getX();
+    const uint32_t tailY = tail->getY();
+
+    const auto prev = std::prev(tail);
+    const uint32_t prevX = prev->getX();
+    const uint32_t prevY = prev->getY();
+
+    if (prevY == tailY){ 
+        // if the two last parts are on the same 'height' (horizontal tail direction)
+
+        if (prevX < tailX) {
+            // if the tail continues to the left:
+            // add one part to the right of the tail
+            snake_.push_back(Point{tailY, tailX + 1, SNAKE_BODY_CHAR}); 
+        }
+        else {
+            // if the tail continues to the right:
+            // add one part to the left of the tail
+            snake_.push_back(Point{tailY, tailX - 1, SNAKE_BODY_CHAR});
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        // if the two last parts are on the same 'width' (vertical tail direction)
+
+        if (prevY < tailY) {
+            // if the tail continues to the upper side:
+            // add one part facing down
+            snake_.push_back(Point{tailY + 1, tailX, SNAKE_BODY_CHAR});
+        }
+        else {
+            // if the tail continues to the lower side:
+            // add one part facing up
+            snake_.push_back(Point{tailY - 1, tailX, SNAKE_BODY_CHAR});
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void Snake::updateHead(void){
-    auto head = snake.begin();
-    switch (this->direction)
-    {
+void Snake::updateHead(){
+    switch (direction_) {
     case UP:
-        head->moveUp();
+        snake_.front().moveUp();
         break;
 
     case DOWN:
-        head->moveDown();
+        snake_.front().moveDown();
         break;
 
     case LEFT:
-        head->moveLeft();
+        snake_.front().moveLeft();
         break;
 
     case RIGHT:
-        head->moveRight();
+        snake_.front().moveRight();
         break;
     }
 }
 
-void Snake::printSnake(void){
+void Snake::printSnake() const {
     //We print each element of the snake-list
-    for(auto bodyPart : snake){
-        bodyPart.printImg();    
+    for (const Point& part : snake_){
+        part.print();    
     }
 
-    refreshScreen(); //finally call the previously implemented function at Graphics.cpp
-                    //to update the screen so the changes become noticed
+    Graphics::get().refreshScreen();
 }
 
-void Snake::move(void){
-    //now delete the tail print since teh snake moves forward
-    auto tail = snake.end();
-    tail--;
-    printChar(tail->getY(), tail->getX(), ' ');
-
-    //and now we have to update all the other nodes of the body
-
-    auto bodyP1 = tail;
-    auto bodyP2 = --tail;
-
-    while(bodyP2 != snake.begin()){
-        *bodyP1 = *bodyP2;
-        bodyP1--;
-        bodyP2--;
+void Snake::move(){
+    // updates the tail by clearing it since
+    // the snake moved forward (overwrites with ' ')
+    snake_.back().clear();
+
+    // iterate through the snake step by step
+    // using iterators so that we can get prev
+    // and iterate from back to front as we want to
+    // update each element with the value of the next
+    // and would otherwise overwrite the next before
+    // and not updating first as head is handled separately
+
+    for (auto it = std::prev(snake_.end()); it != snake_.begin(); it--) {
+        const auto prev = std::prev(it);
+        it->setPoint(prev->getY(), prev->getX());
     }
 
-    //update the previous to head node
-    auto headPrev = snake.begin();
-    headPrev++;
-    *headPrev = *snake.begin();
-    headPrev->setImg(BODY);
-
-    //based on direction, update the head
-    this->updateHead();
+    // update the head depending on movement
+    updateHead();
 
-    this->printSnake(); // print the snake and update the screen 
+    // print the updated snake
+    printSnake();
 }
 
-//Move Functions:
-//For the move functions we must change 
-void Snake::moveUp(void){
-    snake.begin()->setImg('v');
-    this->direction = UP;
-    this->move();
+void Snake::moveUp(){
+    snake_.front().setImg('v');
+    direction_ = UP;
+    move();
 }
 
-void Snake::moveDown(void){
-    snake.begin()->setImg('^');
-    this->direction = DOWN;
-    this->move();
+void Snake::moveDown(){
+    snake_.front().setImg('^');
+    direction_ = DOWN;
+    move();
 }
 
-void Snake::moveLeft(void){
-    snake.begin()->setImg('>');
-    this->direction = LEFT;
-    this->move();
+void Snake::moveLeft(){
+    snake_.front().setImg('>');
+    direction_ = LEFT;
+    move();
 }
 
-void Snake::moveRight(void){
-    snake.begin()->setImg('<');
-    this->direction = RIGHT;
-    this->move();
+void Snake::moveRight(){
+    snake_.front().setImg('<');
+    direction_ = RIGHT;
+    move();
 }

components/Snake.h

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "Point.h"
 #include "Snack.h"
 
-#include <list>
+static constexpr int SNAKE_BODY_CHAR = 'o';
+static constexpr uint32_t SNAKE_DEFAULT_SIZE = 4;
 
-#define BODY 'o'
 class Snake{
 private:
-    std::list<Point> snake; //the snake will be implemented as a list of points where the first element is the head
-    graphics_input direction;
-    void updateHead(void);
-    void printSnake(void);
-public:
-    Snake(int headY = LINES/2, int headX = COLS/2); //default constructor
-    ~Snake(); //destructor
+    std::vector<Point> snake_;
+    int direction_;
 
-    //basic move functions
-    void moveUp(void);
-    void moveDown(void);
-    void moveLeft(void);
-    void moveRight(void);
+    void updateHead();
+    void printSnake() const;
 
-    bool isBitten(void);                     //function to check if the snake bit its self
-    bool hasBitSnack(int snackY, int snackX);//checks if the snake has bitten a snack
+public:
+    Snake(uint32_t headY = LINES/2, uint32_t headX = COLS/2);
 
-    bool hasCrashedWall(void);               // method to check if the snake crashed the walls
+    void moveUp();
+    void moveDown();
+    void moveLeft();
+    void moveRight();
+    void move();
 
-    int getSize(void);                       //get the current length
-    void incSize(void);                      //function to increase the length
+    bool isBitten() const;
+    bool hasBitSnack(uint32_t snackY, uint32_t snackX) const;
+    bool hasCrashedWall() const;
 
-    void move(void);                         //function to refresh the image of the snake
+    uint32_t getSize() const;
+    void incSize();
 };

game/Controller.cpp

@@ -1,86 +1,69 @@
 #include "Controller.h"
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <string>
 
-using namespace std;
+#include <string>
 
 Controller::Controller()
-: snack{SNACK} ,inpt{0}, currentScore{0}
+    : input_{0}, score_{0}, snack_{Point(0,0,0)}
 {
-    snake = new Snake();
-    generateSnack(snack);
+    generateSnack(&snack_);
 }
 
-Controller::Controller(Snake *_snake)
-: snake{_snake}, snack{SNACK}, inpt{0}, currentScore{0}
-{
-
-    assert(this->snake != NULL);
+uint32_t Controller::getCurrScore() const {
+    return score_;
 }
 
-unsigned int Controller::getCurrScore(void){
-    return this->currentScore;
+void Controller::resetScore() {
+    score_ = 0;
 }
 
-void Controller::resetScore(void){
-    this->currentScore = 0;
-}
-
-Controller::~Controller(){delete snake;}
-
-static void printScore(unsigned int _score){
-    string str = "Score: " + to_string(_score); 
-    printMsg(-1, -1, (char*)str.c_str()); //-1, -1 because otherwise it'll be printed inside the game box
+void Controller::printScore(uint32_t score) const {
+    const std::string str = "Score: " + std::to_string(score); 
+    // locate message at (-1,-1) because otherwise it'll be printed inside the game box
+    Graphics::get().printMsg(-1, -1, str);
 }
 
-int Controller::act(void){
-
-    if (snake->hasBitSnack(this->snack.getY(), this->snack.getX()) == true)
-    {
-        this->currentScore += 10;
+int Controller::act() {
+    if (snake_.hasBitSnack(snack_.getY(), snack_.getX())) {
+        score_ += 10;
+        snake_.incSize();
         
-        advanceDifficulty();
-        generateSnack(this->snack);
+        generateSnack(&snack_);
+        Graphics::get().advanceDifficulty();
         
-        this->snake->incSize();
-
-        printScore(currentScore);
+        printScore(score_);
     }
 
-    switch (this->inpt)
-    {
+    switch (input_) {
     case UP:
-            snake->moveUp();
+        snake_.moveUp();
         break;
     case DOWN:
-            snake->moveDown();
+        snake_.moveDown();
         break;
     case LEFT:
-            snake->moveLeft();
+        snake_.moveLeft();
         break;
     case RIGHT:
-            snake->moveRight();
+        snake_.moveRight();
         break;
     default:
-        snake->move();
-    break;
+        snake_.move();
     }
 
-    refreshScreen();
+    Graphics::get().refreshScreen();
 
-    if(snake->isBitten()) 
-        return DEFEAT;
-    if (snake->hasCrashedWall())
+    if (snake_.isBitten() || snake_.hasCrashedWall()) {
         return DEFEAT;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
-graphics_input Controller::readInput(void){
-    this->inpt = readInpt();
-    refreshScreen();
-    return inpt;
+int Controller::readInput() {
+    input_ = Graphics::get().readInpt();
+    return input_;
 }
 
-bool Controller::wantsToQuit(void){
-    return this->inpt == EXIT_GAME;
-}
+bool Controller::wantsToQuit() const {
+    return input_ == EXIT_GAME;
+}

game/Controller.h

@@ -1,27 +1,31 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "../input-output/Graphics.h"
 #include "../components/Snake.h"
 #include "../components/Point.h"
 
-#define DEFEAT -1
+static constexpr int DEFEAT = -1;
 
-class Controller{
+class Controller {
 private:
-    Snake *snake; //the figure the controler controls
-    Point snack;
-    graphics_input inpt;
-    unsigned int currentScore;
+    Snake snake_;
+    Point snack_;
+
+    int input_;
+    uint32_t score_;
+
+    void printScore(uint32_t score) const;
+
 public:
-    Controller(Snake* _snake);
     Controller();
-    ~Controller(); //default destructor
 
-    unsigned int getCurrScore(void);
-    void resetScore(void);
-    graphics_input readInput(void);   //basic input methods: sets inpt to what it read if i tread something
+    uint32_t getCurrScore() const;
 
-    int act(void);                   //basic act method: acts like a joystick
+    void resetScore();
+    int readInput();
+    int act();
 
-    bool wantsToQuit(void);           //returns true of the user wants to quit
+    bool wantsToQuit() const;
 };

game/Game.cpp

@@ -1,77 +1,64 @@
 #include "Game.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <limits.h>
-using namespace std;
-
-SnakeGame::SnakeGame()
-:gameName{"~Snake Game by VissaM~"},highScore{0}, bestPlayer{"None"}
-{}
 
-SnakeGame::~SnakeGame(){}
-
-void SnakeGame::addPlayer(string playerName){
-    players.emplace_back( Player{playerName} );
+void SnakeGame::addPlayer(const std::string& name){
+    players_.emplace_back(Player{name});
 }
 
-unsigned int SnakeGame::getHighScore(void){
-    return highScore;
+uint32_t SnakeGame::getHighScore() const {
+    return high_score_;
 }
 
-string SnakeGame::getBestPlayer(void){
-    return bestPlayer;
+const std::string& SnakeGame::getBestPlayer() const {
+    return best_player_;
 }
 
-void SnakeGame::play(string playerName){
-    pair<string, unsigned int> curBest{playerName, 0};
-    for(auto player : players){
-        if(player.getName() == playerName){
-            initializeGraphics((char *)gameName.c_str());
-            curBest = player.play();
-            endGraphics();
-            break;
-        }
+void SnakeGame::play(const std::string& name){
+    auto find = std::find(players_.begin(), players_.end(), [&name](const Player& p){ return p.getName() == name; });
+
+    if (find == players_.end()) {
+        players_.emplace_back(Player(name));
+        find = std::prev(players_.end());
     }
 
-    if(curBest.second > highScore){
-        highScore = curBest.second;
-        bestPlayer = curBest.first;
+    Graphics::get().init(game_name_);
+
+    find->play();
+
+    Graphics::get().finalize();
+
+
+    if (find->getHighScore() > high_score_){
+        high_score_ = find->getHighScore();
+        best_player_ = find->getName();
     }
 
-    cout << "Highscore: " << highScore << " by " << bestPlayer << "\n" <<endl;
+    std::cout << "Highscore: " << high_score_ << " by " << best_player_ << std::endl;
 }
 
-void SnakeGame::play(void){
-    while(1){
-        string playerName;
-        cout << "Who's playing: ";
-        cin >> playerName;
-        cout << endl;
-
-        list<Player>::iterator p;
-        for(p=players.begin(); p!=players.end(); p++){
-            if(p->getName() == playerName)
-                break;  
-        }
+void SnakeGame::play(){
+    while(1) {
+        std::string name;
+        std::cout << "Who's playing: ";
+        std::cin >> name;
+        std::cout << std::endl;
 
-        if(p == players.end()){
-            //if the player isn't in the list, add him/her
-            addPlayer(playerName);
-        }
 
+        play(name);
+        std::cin.clear();
+        std::cin.ignore(std::numeric_limits<std::streamsize>::max(), '\n');
+        std::cout << "Do you or someone else want to play again? (yes or no): ";
+        std::string ans;
         
-        play(playerName); //get the player to play the game
-
-        cin.clear();
-        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');
-        cout << "Do you want to play again? (yes or no): ";
-        string ans;
-        
-        cin >> ans;
+        std::cin >> ans;
         
-        if(ans != "yes"){
-            cout << "Exiting ..." << endl;
+        if (ans != "yes") {
+            std::cout << "Exiting ..." << std::endl;
             break;
         }
-        cout << "Perfect...\n" << endl;
+
+        std::cout << "Perfect..." << std::endl;
     }
 }

game/Game.h

@@ -1,31 +1,27 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "Controller.h"
 #include "../components/Snake.h"
 #include "../input-output/Player.h"
 
-#include <string>
-
 class SnakeGame{
 private:
-    std::string gameName;
-    std::list<Player> players;
-    unsigned int highScore;
-    std::string bestPlayer;
-    
-    void play(std::string playerName);
-    void addPlayer(std::string playerName);
-
-public:
-    SnakeGame(); //intialize graphics and set the game screen
-    ~SnakeGame();
+    const std::string game_name_ = "Snake Game for C++ Course";
+    std::vector<Player> players_;
 
+    uint32_t high_score_ = 0;
+    std::string best_player_ = "None";
     
-    unsigned int getHighScore(void);
-    std::string getBestPlayer(void);
+    void play(const std::string& name);
+    void addPlayer(const std::string& name);
 
-    //print the statistics (highest score & games played) of each player
-    //void printGameStatistics(void);
+public:
+    uint32_t getHighScore() const;
+    const std::string& getBestPlayer() const;
+    void printGameStatistics() const;
 
-    void play(void);
+    void play();
 };

input-output/Graphics.cpp

@@ -4,86 +4,89 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <cstdlib>
 
-///Utillities for the graphics
-unsigned int sleepTime = 40000000;
-static WINDOW *_box = NULL;
-
-static void createBox(void){
-    _box = newwin(LINES-2, COLS, 2, 0);
-    box(_box, 0, 0);
-    wrefresh(_box);
+void Graphics::createBox() {
+    box_ = newwin(LINES-2, COLS, 2, 0);
+    box(box_, 0, 0);
+    wrefresh(box_);
 }
-static void destroyBox(void){
-    wborder(_box, ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ');
-    wrefresh(_box);
-    delwin(_box);
+
+void Graphics::destroyBox() {
+    wborder(box_, ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ');
+    wrefresh(box_);
+    delwin(box_);
 }
-//Initialization function
-void initializeGraphics(char* gameName){
+
+void Graphics::init(const std::string& gameName) {
     srand((unsigned int) time(NULL));
 
-    initscr(); //initialize curses
-    cbreak(); //set line buffering to false
-    noecho(); //set input echo to false
-    keypad(stdscr, TRUE); //this step enables the use of arrow keys and other function keys
+    initscr();
+    cbreak();
+    noecho();
+    keypad(stdscr, TRUE);
     nodelay(stdscr, true);
-    curs_set(0); //to hide the cursor
-    //We must clear the screen from unecessary garbage
+    curs_set(0);
+
     clear();
-    //Print the title
-    mvprintw(0, (COLS/2) - 12, gameName);
+
+    mvprintw(0, (COLS/2) - 12, gameName.c_str());
     refresh();
     
-    //create the game box
     createBox();
 }
 
-//Exit function
-void endGraphics(void){
+void Graphics::finalize() {
     curs_set(1);
     destroyBox();
     endwin();
 }
 
-//Typical refresh function (ease the eye with a custom function instead of the actual one)
-void refreshScreen(void){
-    using namespace std::this_thread; // sleep_for, sleep_until
-    using namespace std::chrono;      // nanoseconds, system_clock, seconds
-    sleep_for(nanoseconds(sleepTime));
+void Graphics::refreshScreen() {
+    using namespace std::this_thread;
+    using namespace std::chrono;
+    
+    sleep_for(nanoseconds(sleep_time_));
     
-    refresh(); // just use the curses version ;p
-    wrefresh(_box);
+    refresh();
+    wrefresh(box_);
 }
 
-void printChar(int y, int x, graphics_input img){
-    mvwaddch(_box, y, x, img);
+void Graphics::printChar(int y, int x, int img) {
+    mvwaddch(box_, y, x, img);
     refresh();
-    wrefresh(_box);
+    wrefresh(box_);
 }
 
-void printMsg(int y, int x, char* str){
-    if(y>0 && x>0)
-        mvwaddstr(_box, y, x, str);
-    else{
-        if(y < 0) y = 2 + y;
+void Graphics::printMsg(int y, int x, const std::string& str) {
+    if(y > 0 && x > 0) {
+        mvwaddstr(box_, y, x, str.c_str());
+    }
+    else {
+        if(y < 0) y += 2;
         if(x < 0) x = 0;
-        mvaddstr(y, x, str);
+        mvaddstr(y, x, str.c_str());
     }
+
     refresh();
-    wrefresh(_box);
+    wrefresh(box_);
 }
 
-char readChar(int y, int x){
+char Graphics::readChar(int y, int x) {
     refresh();
-    wrefresh(_box);
-    return mvwgetch(_box, y, x);
+    wrefresh(box_);
+    return mvwgetch(box_, y, x);
 }
 
-int readInpt(){
+int Graphics::readInpt() {
     return getch();
 }
 
-void advanceDifficulty(void){
-    if(sleepTime > 28000000) // we set 28000000 as teh min sleep time
-        sleepTime -= 1000000;
+void Graphics::advanceDifficulty() {
+    if(sleep_time_ > 28000000) {
+        sleep_time_ -= 1000000;
+    }
+}
+
+Graphics& Graphics::get() {
+    static Graphics graphics;
+    return graphics;
 }

input-output/Graphics.h

@@ -1,26 +1,39 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <curses.h>
+#include <string>
 
-#define UP KEY_UP
-#define DOWN KEY_DOWN
-#define LEFT KEY_LEFT
-#define RIGHT KEY_RIGHT
-#define EXIT_GAME 'q'
-typedef int graphics_input;
+static constexpr int UP = KEY_UP;
+static constexpr int DOWN = KEY_DOWN;
+static constexpr int LEFT = KEY_LEFT;
+static constexpr int RIGHT = KEY_RIGHT;
+static constexpr int EXIT_GAME = 'q';
 
+static constexpr int GAME_TOP_WALL_Y = 1;
+const int GAME_BOTTOM_WALL_Y = LINES - 4;
+static constexpr int GAME_LEFT_WALL_X = 1;
+const int GAME_RIGHT_WALL_X = COLS - 2;
 
-#define GAME_TOP_WALL_Y 1
-#define GAME_BOTTOM_WALL_Y (LINES - 4)
-#define GAME_LEFT_WALL_X 1
-#define GAME_RIGHT_WALL_X (COLS - 2)
+class Graphics {
+private:
+    unsigned int sleep_time_ = 40000000;
+    WINDOW* box_ = NULL;
 
-void initializeGraphics(char* gameName);
-void endGraphics(void);
-void refreshScreen(void);
-void printChar(int y, int x, graphics_input img);
-void printMsg(int y, int x, char *str);
-char readChar(int y, int x);
-int readInpt();
+    Graphics();
+    void createBox();
+    void destroyBox();
+
+public:
+    static Graphics& get();
+    void init(const std::string& game_name);
+    void finalize();
+
+    void refreshScreen();
+    void printChar(int y, int x, int img);
+    void printMsg(int y, int x, const std::string& str);
+    char readChar(int y, int x);
+    int readInpt();
+
+    void advanceDifficulty();
+};
 
-void advanceDifficulty(void);

input-output/Player.cpp

@@ -1,43 +1,32 @@
 #include "Player.h"
 
-using namespace std;
-
-Player::Player()
-: name{"Unknown"}, points{0}, timesPlayed{0}
-{}
-
-Player::Player(string _name)
-: name{_name}, points{0}, timesPlayed{0}
+Player::Player(std::string name)
+    : name_{name}
 {}
 
-Player::~Player()
-{/* No need to do something */}
-
-string Player::getName(void){
-    return this->name;
+const std::string& Player::getName() const {
+    return name_;
 }
 
-void Player::addPoints(unsigned int _points){
-    points += _points;
+uint32_t Player::getHighScore() const {
+    return high_score_;
 }
 
-unsigned int Player::getPoints(void){
-    return this->points;
-}
-
-std::pair<std::string, unsigned int>  Player::play(void){
-    //here we will implement the basic loop of the game since each player has its remote controller
-    //and can play the game
+void Player::play(){
     Controller controller;
-    while (controller.wantsToQuit() == false)
-    {
+
+    while (controller.wantsToQuit() == false) {
         controller.readInput();
-        if (controller.act() == DEFEAT)
+
+        if (controller.act() == DEFEAT) {
             break;
+        }
     }
 
-    points = controller.getCurrScore();
+    const uint32_t score = controller.getCurrScore();
     controller.resetScore();
 
-    return {this->name, points};
+    if (score > high_score_) {
+        high_score_ = score;
+    }
 }

input-output/Player.h

@@ -7,20 +7,15 @@
 
 class Player{
 private:
-    std::string name;
-    unsigned int points;
-    unsigned int timesPlayed;
-    
-public:
-    Player();
-    Player(std::string _name);
-    ~Player();
+    std::string name_;
+    uint32_t high_score_ = 0;
+    uint32_t timesPlayed_ = 0;
 
-    std::pair<std::string, unsigned int> play(void);
+public:
+    Player(std::string name);
 
-    //Point managment methods
-    unsigned int getPoints(void);
-    void addPoints(unsigned int _points);
+    void play();
 
-    std::string getName(void);
+    uint32_t getHighScore() const;
+    const std::string& getName() const;
 };